A GNN-Based Framework for Predicting Urban Airflow and Pollutant Dispersion
摘要
Urban design requires accurate prediction of wind, gusts, and contaminant dispersion to create sustainable cities. While computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models like large-eddy simulation (LES) provide accurate predictions, they are computationally expensive. Steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (SRANS) is fast but inaccurate due to inherent limitations. This study proposes a two-stage CFD-graph neural network (GNN) framework for efficient steady-state prediction. A CFD solver provides the initial state employing SRANS with the k-ε model, and then a GNN reconstructs the CFD outputs towards a high-fidelity target in a single inference step, bypassing SRANS flaws. CFD-GNN employing a coarse mesh achieved considerable agreement with the fine LES result and was thousands of times faster. On the same coarse mesh, CFD-GNN was seven times faster than a tightly converged SRANS and 280 times faster than an under-resolved LES.