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Developing green concrete with the employment of recycled fine aggregate (RFA) and limestone calcined Clay cement (LC3) could be a promising and economical method for the reduction of the environmental impact of buildings, by reducing CO2 emission related to cement production and providing a viable alternative to natural resource depletion. This study was carried out to examine the mechanical and physical properties of LC3–based concrete, using different proportions of limestone, calcined clay, and cement clinker, with 100% natural coarse aggregates and 50 vol% of RFA substitution. The fresh state behavior was evaluated by the slump test, and the target slump was obtained by adjusting the superplasticizer dosage. The 28-day mechanical and durability properties including compressive strength, water absorption and capillary water absorption rate of different concretes were investigated. The results highlight that LC3 binders show better mechanical properties than reference commercial cement with both natural and recycled sands. Considering the superior mechanical properties and environmental advantages, combining LC3 binders with RFA for concrete production seems an effective approach for a sustainable development of the construction industry.

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LC3-Based Concrete with High Recycled Sand Content: Unveiling its Mechanical and Durability Potential

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ahmad Jan,
  • Lucia Ferrari,
  • Nikola Mikanovic,
  • Mohsen Ben-Haha,
  • Elisa Franzoni

摘要

Developing green concrete with the employment of recycled fine aggregate (RFA) and limestone calcined Clay cement (LC3) could be a promising and economical method for the reduction of the environmental impact of buildings, by reducing CO2 emission related to cement production and providing a viable alternative to natural resource depletion. This study was carried out to examine the mechanical and physical properties of LC3–based concrete, using different proportions of limestone, calcined clay, and cement clinker, with 100% natural coarse aggregates and 50 vol% of RFA substitution. The fresh state behavior was evaluated by the slump test, and the target slump was obtained by adjusting the superplasticizer dosage. The 28-day mechanical and durability properties including compressive strength, water absorption and capillary water absorption rate of different concretes were investigated. The results highlight that LC3 binders show better mechanical properties than reference commercial cement with both natural and recycled sands. Considering the superior mechanical properties and environmental advantages, combining LC3 binders with RFA for concrete production seems an effective approach for a sustainable development of the construction industry.