The increasing impacts of climate change have recently intensified the global pursuit of sustainable and resilient energy solutions. Bioenergy and green fuels have emerged as prospective replacements to fossil fuels, offering significant potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance energy security, and promote environmental sustainability. As renewable alternatives derived from biological sources, bioenergy and green fuels are vital in bridging the transition toward a low-carbon and circular economy. This chapter examines the diverse role of bioenergy and green fuels in fostering climate resilience. Initially, it delineates the basic principles and typologies of bioenergy resources and green fuel technologies. After that, the chapter analyzes the climate-related advantages of bioenergy and green fuels, focusing on carbon neutrality, waste valorization, and opportunities for rural economic development. Furthermore, the technical, financial, and policy-related impediments constraining widespread implementation are also addressed, and the key advancements propelling the sector are highlighted in this chapter. By integrating scientific, technological, and policy perspectives, this work aims to provide a holistic understanding of bioenergy and green fuels’ current and future role, then move forward to support informed decision-making and strategic planning for sustainable energy transitions worldwide.