Recently, climate change has threatened to undermine the progress that all humans have focused on to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Climate change also poses one of the most serious challenges to reducing global poverty in the world. Climate science education can act as a powerful tool to equip individuals and communities with the suitable knowledge and necessary skills for mitigating and adapting to climate change impacts. This chapter is going to explore the role of climate science education in fostering informed global citizenship, enhancing adaptive capacities, and inspiring action. It provides an overview of current global efforts, successful models from Europe, the USA, and Asia, and innovative educational approaches such as eco-social systems thinking, art-based learning, and phenomenon-based collaborative teaching. Although there are various challenges in climate science education, such as scientific complexity, misinformation, and limited educator training, climate science education still remains important in building a resilient and sustainable future. The chapter calls for transformative pedagogical strategies and stronger collaboration between scientists, educators, and learners to empower future generations to act effectively on climate issues.