The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is a fascinating model organism which challenges conventional paradigms in evolutionary developmental biology. As one of the two known eusocial mammals with a reproductive hierarchy akin to social insects, the naked mole-rat presents an exceptional system for studying the interplay between social structure, environmental adaptation, and developmental plasticity. This chapter explores how the species’ unique reproductive strategies—including lifelong fertility, postnatal oogenesis, and social suppression of reproduction—reshape our understanding of mammalian reproductive aging. The queen, the sole breeding female within a colony, maintains an exceptionally large ovarian reserve throughout life, defying the prevailing dogma of a fixed oocyte pool and progressive depletion. Unlike other mammals, germ cells in the naked mole-rat continue to proliferate postnatally, offering unprecedented insights into the regulation of ovarian function and reproductive longevity. Additionally, the integration of genomic, epigenetic, and neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying eusociality provides a rare perspective on how developmental processes can be shaped by cooperative behaviors and environmental constraints. By situating these traits within an evo-devo framework, this chapter underscores the naked mole-rat’s potential to advance research in several fields such as aging, reproductive biology, and the evolution of complex social systems.