The United States has been the undisputed world leader for the past two decades since the Cold War. But then, opinion is divided on the U.S. lead; some say the United States will remain a global hegemon for the foreseeable future, others say that we are headed for a new bipolar competition with China, and still others assert that we are living in the multipolar now, or at least it is tomorrow. In addition, this chapter describes a new system that has never existed in the history of international relations “non-polar world.” The chapter delves into defining the concepts of “polarization,” “order,” “international system,” “middle powers,” and explaining the forms and characteristics of polarization. Why has the shift in global power become inevitable? How do digital technology, economic relations, and global geopolitics work? Occasionally, this chapter highlights how the Middle East has become a crossroads between U.S. and Chinese interests.