Flood recession agriculture is crucial for ensuring food security on Morphil Island which spans an area of 1250 km2, located in northern Senegal, West Africa. Despite the introduction of irrigation, flood-based agriculture remains the primary socioeconomic activity, engaging 80% of households in this zone. This study investigates the temporal and spatial dynamics of flooded areas on Morphil Island from 2000 to 2019 using satellite data accessed through the Google Earth Engine platform. For this purpose, the vegetation index, calculated from multispectral satellite images of Sentinel-2 (10 m, 5 days) and Landsat-7 (30 m, 16 days), between the optical bands B8 (835.1 nm) and B4 (664.5 nm), enabled the detection of surface waters and quantification of flooded areas. As a preamble, CHIRPS data indicate an arid zone (approximately 245 mm annual rainfall) with a short wet season (3 months) from July to September. Thereafter, the annual distribution of flooded areas shows significant interannual variability, with more than 60,000 hectares in years of high flooding compared with just 5,000 hectares in years of low flooding. Seasonal flooding begins in early July (around July 19), peaks in September (approximately July 19) and recedes completely in early November. Finally, the 2018 map of the island's flooded areas clearly shows the arable areas (lowlands). Moreover, analysis of topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography sensor confirmed these results, with relief of less than 15 m. Lowland cultivation is mainly located around large watersheds, with slightly higher areas in the south and along river banks.