Removal of Heavy Metals Present in Produced Water Using Waste Ceramic Tiles as Adsorbent
摘要
Produced water, considered the most significant waste stream in the oil and gas industry, contains comparatively high amounts of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and other contaminants that can pollute water resources if not treated adequately before disposal. Considering the need for novel methods to treat produced water, this research explores the application of waste ceramic tiles from construction sites as an adsorbent for removing heavy metals such as Cu, Fe, Cr, Zn, and Pb from produced water. The efficiency of ceramic tiles to adsorb heavy metals was studied by considering three ceramic tile particle sizes, 3.35, 1.7, and 0.425 mm, at three varying doses, 2, 4, and 8 g/L. The experiment involved batch tests conducted in two phases. The first phase evaluated the efficiency of ceramic tiles as an adsorbent with individual metals using concentrations obtained from actual produced water data while the second phase involved experiments with synthetic produced water. The experimental results indicate that ceramic tiles have considerable potential in adsorbing Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb from individual heavy metal solutions and synthetic produced water. While for Cr, the ceramic tiles effectively reduced concentrations only in synthetic produced water.