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This paper investigates the characteristics of 5G NR-V2X channels and explores the benefits of relay-assisted communication for ensuring reliable and robust connectivity in dynamic vehicular environments. A detailed analysis of mmWave Base Station (BS) deployments utilizing MIMO antenna arrays of varying dimensions is conducted for the 5G NR n258 frequency band at 26 GHz. To evaluate system performance, a simulation framework is developed based on a Hyderabad Open Road Roundabout (ORR) scenario, aligned with 3GPP specifications, capturing vehicle mobility patterns and beam steering mechanisms to identify the optimal beam. To address the limitations of the NLoS, relay nodes are introduced to assist NLoS users, leading to measurable improvements in link quality and throughput. Experimental findings show that relay-assisted links yield up to a 4.1% increase in bit rate over direct NLoS connections. These results confirm the efficacy of relay-based architectures in enhancing signal robustness and extending mmWave communication range in V2X environments. The proposed framework provides a scalable and resilient solution for enabling high-performance vehicular networks in urban deployments. These findings clearly demonstrate that relay-assisted communication significantly enhances signal robustness and extends the effective range of mmWave links, thereby facilitating improved reliability and efficiency in next-generation vehicular communication networks.

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Relay-Assisted Framework for mmWave 5G NR BS System in V2X Communications

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Vinodh Kumar Minchula,
  • A. Supraja Reddy,
  • Sharathchand Kodam

摘要

This paper investigates the characteristics of 5G NR-V2X channels and explores the benefits of relay-assisted communication for ensuring reliable and robust connectivity in dynamic vehicular environments. A detailed analysis of mmWave Base Station (BS) deployments utilizing MIMO antenna arrays of varying dimensions is conducted for the 5G NR n258 frequency band at 26 GHz. To evaluate system performance, a simulation framework is developed based on a Hyderabad Open Road Roundabout (ORR) scenario, aligned with 3GPP specifications, capturing vehicle mobility patterns and beam steering mechanisms to identify the optimal beam. To address the limitations of the NLoS, relay nodes are introduced to assist NLoS users, leading to measurable improvements in link quality and throughput. Experimental findings show that relay-assisted links yield up to a 4.1% increase in bit rate over direct NLoS connections. These results confirm the efficacy of relay-based architectures in enhancing signal robustness and extending mmWave communication range in V2X environments. The proposed framework provides a scalable and resilient solution for enabling high-performance vehicular networks in urban deployments. These findings clearly demonstrate that relay-assisted communication significantly enhances signal robustness and extends the effective range of mmWave links, thereby facilitating improved reliability and efficiency in next-generation vehicular communication networks.