The growing prevalence of diet-related chronic illnesses, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, highlights the urgent need for more effective and personalized nutritional strategies. Conventional interventions often fall short due to their one-size-fits-all nature, failing to address individual dietary needs and behavioral differences. This chapter explores the emerging role of Industry 4.0 technologies in reshaping food systems and advancing nutrition science. Innovations such as 3D food printing, artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), big data analytics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are enabling more adaptive, personalized, and interactive approaches to diet and health. 3D printing facilitates the creation of functional foods tailored to specific health profiles, while AI supports precision nutrition through individualized dietary recommendations. AR enhances consumer engagement and education; IoT provides real-time monitoring of nutritional environments; and big data analytics uncover patterns in eating behaviors and health outcomes. Despite their promise, these technologies face challenges related to cost, infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks. Addressing these barriers is crucial to ensuring equitable access and sustainable implementation, contributing directly to the achievement of SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being through the promotion of healthier, data-driven diets.