Sustainable Development Goal 15 (SDG 15), ‘life on land’, is critical to protect terrestrial ecosystems, conserve biodiversity, and combat land degradation, but faces significant pressures, particularly from the agri-food sector. Conventional agricultural practices are major drivers of land-use change, habitat loss, and soil degradation, creating a paradox where food production undermines its own ecological foundations. This chapter explores the implications of Industry 4.0 technologies for advancing SDG 15 in the context of the agri-food sector. It describes how innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and sensors, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), remote sensing (RS), automation and robotics, big data and cloud computing, digital twins and simulation, and blockchain can be applied. These technologies offer transformative potential through increased precision in resource management (e.g., water and agrochemicals), improved monitoring of land health and biodiversity, optimised agricultural practices to reduce environmental footprints, and increased transparency in supply chains to support sustainable land use. By enabling data-driven decision-making and more efficient operations, Industry 4.0 can help mitigate the negative impacts of agriculture on terrestrial ecosystems, making a significant contribution to achieving the targets of SDG 15.