This chapter aims to illuminate the complex concept of populism through an economic lens, addressing its multifaceted nature and frequent misinterpretations. Existing literature establishes that populism often emerges as a societal reaction to the challenges posed by globalization and neoliberal legal frameworks. The chapter engages with the assumption in the literature that some forms of populism are better than others. It explores the argument that not all variants of populism warrant the same negative assessment, as one’s perspective on the global economic constitution plays a crucial role in shaping these views. This chapter seeks to clarify this debate by examining the role of the economic constitution in the evaluation of populism. To investigate this assumption, our study explores three significant shifts in the global economic constitution associated with various forms of populism. These shifts include the weaponization of the world economy, the demise of the rule of law under neoliberal legality, and the withdrawal from the international economic system. Our findings suggest that some of these changes may be problematic. By challenging liberal institutions, economic populism risks undermining the supplementary role of international economic institutions and jeopardizing fundamental principles of liberal constitutionalism, such as the rule of law and proportionality.