The chapter analyzes the process of hominin self-domestication, its causes, morphological consequences, and why the ape-like appearance of hominins began to approach the human one. The main drivers of apparently directed evolutionary changes were not random mutations with selection for general adaptability, but complex interrelations of needs, concerns, challenges, various kinds of trials, and everyday practices in changing techno-natural niches and social orders. The author discusses the reduction of jaws and canines in relation to the nature of feeding, self-domestication, and the acquisition of stone tools. The absence of pronounced sexual dimorphism in hominins is also the result of self-domestication. According to the concepts of C. Boehm and R. Wrangham, coalitions of weaker males and females suppressed alpha males through proactive aggression, including capital punishment. Social control to limit violence encompassed a wide range of influences in which executions served only as a last resort. The chapter interprets the driving causes of hominin brain growth in this context. Brain enlargement is not only a result of dietary changes, but also a consequence of new cognitive and communicative concerns and practices arising from complex social interactions. The infants of other primates are able to move and forage on their own much more quickly, but their skills are more instinctive and “closed” to change. The conclusion outlines a scheme of comparisons and experiments to test the general theoretical hypotheses underlying the judgments formulated in this chapter.