This chapter shows the evolutionary origins of human morphological features: erect posture, lack of body hair, long hair on the head, and male beard. Although mutation and selection “for adaptation” played a role in the appearance and development of these features, they served as mechanisms of realization, not as driving forces. Upright climbing at the lowest level of trees, when human ancestors used their lower limbs for support, led to an active behavioral adaptation to terrestrial life. When forced to descend to the ground, hominins used upright posture because they needed to have their hands free for many different practices: carrying children, foraging for food and bringing it to campsites, using sticks and stones for self-defense. Regarding the loss of hair, the most plausible concepts are: pedomorphism (neoteny) as a result of self-domestication, elimination of parasites, adaptation to hot climates, sexual selection. It is likely that all these factors contributed, and at different stages of anthropogenesis they acted with different strength, also together. Groups and individuals with more naked bodies, with fewer parasites had an advantage when choosing partners, and thus reproduced more successfully. Bare skin promoted tactile contact, increasing the emotional bond between mother and child, as well as between sexual partners. Long hair on the head, especially in women, emerged as a structure to ensure attractiveness, developing in tandem with the loss of body hair. Not beards in men are to be explained but disappearance of beards in women. At a certain stage, probably with the beginning dominance of adult male hunters, beardedness became a marker of adulthood and the right to claim entrance into male coalitions. At the same time, the contrasting attribute of female beardlessness became entrenched as a necessary feature of erotic appeal. There are also rather problematic and intriguing causes of different beardedness in different human populations.