With the wide application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the reliability of communication links has put forward higher requirements. Traditional radio communication is susceptible to interference in complex electromagnetic environments, which makes it difficult to meet the practical requirements. With high bandwidth and strong anti-interference, wireless optical communication (FSO) has become an important direction for UAV communication. The optoelectronic platform, as the key hardware to achieve high-precision optical pointing and stabilisation of the communication link, is crucial to the system performance. However, the traditional optoelectronic platform has problems such as large volume, high weight, complex structure and optical axis calibration error, which is difficult to meet the UAV’s demand for lightweight and high precision. For this reason, this paper proposes a lightweight two-axis stable optoelectronic platform design scheme, systematically introduces the function and composition of the optoelectronic platform for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), elaborates on the mechanical structure, interface and optical path design, and demonstrates its high-precision pointing and stable control capability based on the analysis of the platform’s stability accuracy, which provides the theoretical basis and technical reference for the engineering design and application of UAVs’ optoelectronic platform.