The rapid development of information technology has brought new challenges to scientific data governance in universities, and it is important to study the problems of low data security, difficulties in rights confirmation, insufficient intellectual property protection, and low willingness of data owners to share in scientific data governance in universities, and to promote the formation of a new model of scientific data governance in universities. In this paper, based on the whole life cycle of scientific data in universities combined with the uniqueness and tradable characteristics of NFT (Non-Fungible Token), we propose a scientific data authentication and sharing scheme based on RDE (Reversible Data Encryption) hybrid encryption algorithm and non-homogenous tokens (NFTs), which ensures the security of scientific data and its ownership during the storage and transmission process, and at the same time, protects the rights and interests of the data owners, and also designs an incentive scheme based on the evaluation of the roles to improve the sharing willingness of data owners, and promotes the sharing of high-quality scientific data. We also design a role-based incentive program to increase the willingness of data owners to share and promote the sharing of high-quality scientific data. Through the prototype implementation based on Ethernet platform and analyzing the cost and effectiveness of the proposed scheme in sensitive data encryption, data rights and sharing, the experimental results show that the proposed scheme has good performance and high security combining hybrid encryption, NFT technology and scientific data, which provides a new idea for scientific data governance in universities.