The teachings of the Buddha are reviewed in detail, as primarily based in the Sutta Pitaka and teachings that are focused on improving mental health. The central approach is showing that the Buddha’s teachings lead to enlightenment through the realization of Nibbana, which is one potential pathway for realizing ultimate reality. Specific areas of focus in this chapter include the four noble truths, karma, rebirth, dependent origination, the three marks of existence, emptinessEmptiness, Nagarjuna, Nibbana, enlightenment, and the jhanas. Parallels and areas of overlap between science (third-person focused) and the Buddha’s teachings (first-person focused) are discussed as well. Like other chapters in Part III, the Buddha’s teachings that are covered in this text are generally in agreement with science and abide by the neuropsychological model for realizing ultimate reality that was given in the previous chapter.