The chapter explores the complex relationship between cognitive impairment (CI) and negative symptoms (NS). It will first discuss the evidence and theoretical models concerning the relationship between CI and individual negative symptom domains. Second, it will address the hypothesized causal relationships among NS, CI, and real-life functioning. Finally, it will present the current methodological limitations and future research perspectives. With respect to anhedonia, dysfunctions in episodic memory may contribute to difficulties in anticipating future or hypothetical positive scenarios, while difficulties in working memory might interfere with the mental representation of pleasant experiences. Avolition might be influenced by impairments in working memory, attention, and cognitive control, given the contribution of these cognitive domains to reward learning and goal-oriented behaviour. In relation to asociality, dysfunctions in social cognition might contribute to social motivation impairments, but new approaches, such as ecological momentary assessment, are needed to provide further insight into the complex pathways that lead to asociality. A limited cognitive resources hypothesis has been proposed to explain the strong relationship of alogia with cognitive impairment. Speech production in social situations places high demands on multiple cognitive processes, and if cognitive resources are limited, subjects might reduce their speech production. Social cognition impairment, especially dysfunctions in emotion recognition and expression, may contribute to blunted affect, with a possible link to the dysfunctions of the mirror neuron system. The chapter discusses cognitive-behavioral models and how dysfunctional beliefs, such as defeatist performance and asocial beliefs, may mediate the relationship between CI and NS. Finally, it addresses the relationship of NS and CI with functional outcomes and discusses the methodological limitations of the current literature, including the use of outdated assessment tools, the failure to differentiate between primary and secondary negative symptoms, and to address the potential impact of the various confounding factors, such as age, gender, and medication effects.