An Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought about a revolution in various fields, allowing computers to perform tasks that were previously performed by human intelligence. Machine learning, a fundamental component of AI, focuses on creating software that can automatically learn and improve from training data. As Machine learning (ML) techniques have surpassed traditional AI challenges, they have found extensive application in various fields. The medical domain has also witnessed a significant impact as ML algorithms have been increasingly employed for disease detection and diagnosis. This article highlights the potential benefits of several machine learning algorithms while examining their effects on the detection and diagnosis of medical conditions. Moreover, it outlines potential future research directions to further enhance medical applications through the advancements in AI.