This paper presents a secure and decentralized electricity distribution framework for microgrids, integrating Over-the-Air (OTA) control, blockchain notarization, and AI-assisted monitoring. The proposed system dynamically manages energy distribution and reconfiguration across smart meters connected to renewable energy sources, such as solar and electric field-based systems. The architecture employs a Remote OTA Control Server and a Power Management Unit (PMU) to orchestrate configuration updates and load balancing based on real-time user demand. Two core algorithms are introduced: Algorithm 1 supports initial power distribution with traceability, and Algorithm 2 handles dynamic reconfiguration upon user termination requests. All configuration and electricity usage data are published via MQTT topics and stored in IPFS to generate unique Content Identifiers (CIDs), which are then immutably recorded on the blockchain for auditability. AI camera modules attached to smart meters provide continuous visual monitoring, enabling anomaly detection and enhancing situational awareness. A suite of RESTful APIs facilitates user registration, data querying, and notarization, ensuring system interoperability and modular integration. The proposed system was evaluated through real-world use cases and verified to support real-time configuration, power reallocation, and secure data management. Results demonstrate that the framework achieves traceable, transparent, and flexible electricity delivery with low communication overhead. This approach supports scalable, resilient, and user-centric energy management in decentralized microgrid environments.

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Blockchain-Enabled OTA-Based Energy Reconfiguration and Secure Management for Smart Microgrids

  • Hsing-Chung Chen,
  • Pei-Yu Hsu,
  • Chin-Ling Chen,
  • Hao-Wei Lo,
  • Hsin-Yu Lee,
  • Guan-Kai Lu,
  • Ming-Chun Hsu

摘要

This paper presents a secure and decentralized electricity distribution framework for microgrids, integrating Over-the-Air (OTA) control, blockchain notarization, and AI-assisted monitoring. The proposed system dynamically manages energy distribution and reconfiguration across smart meters connected to renewable energy sources, such as solar and electric field-based systems. The architecture employs a Remote OTA Control Server and a Power Management Unit (PMU) to orchestrate configuration updates and load balancing based on real-time user demand. Two core algorithms are introduced: Algorithm 1 supports initial power distribution with traceability, and Algorithm 2 handles dynamic reconfiguration upon user termination requests. All configuration and electricity usage data are published via MQTT topics and stored in IPFS to generate unique Content Identifiers (CIDs), which are then immutably recorded on the blockchain for auditability. AI camera modules attached to smart meters provide continuous visual monitoring, enabling anomaly detection and enhancing situational awareness. A suite of RESTful APIs facilitates user registration, data querying, and notarization, ensuring system interoperability and modular integration. The proposed system was evaluated through real-world use cases and verified to support real-time configuration, power reallocation, and secure data management. Results demonstrate that the framework achieves traceable, transparent, and flexible electricity delivery with low communication overhead. This approach supports scalable, resilient, and user-centric energy management in decentralized microgrid environments.