Breaching a Closed Party System: The BJP in Kerala
摘要
This chapter examines the growing electoral and political presence of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Kerala, a state with a stable, closed party system that has historically resisted the entry of new players. Moving beyond sociological explanations rooted in socioeconomic and demographic changes, it brings to the foreground party agency and strategy, more specifically, the BJP’s adaption to the religiously diverse state marked by high levels of religiosity. It explores how the party and its allied organisations have engaged with local issues, used religious symbolism, and attempted to reframe the political discourse to construct a Hindu identity. Central to this strategy are the attempts to reappropriate the temple, which was previously used by the Congress and the Communists as a site for social reform to consolidate a Hindu identity. The chapter also notes that the BJP has attempted to rework the dominant notions of equality and justice in the state. While the long-term implications of this strategy are unclear, it appears that the BJP will continue to challenge and potentially open up Kerala’s traditionally closed party system.