The construction industry is rapidly evolving, driven by urbanization and stringent environmental standards that require innovative practices and advanced technologies. Smart Construction Sites (SCS) have emerged as a transformative approach, utilizing automation, real-time monitoring, and digitalization to improve operational efficiency and resilience. However, the dynamic and interconnected nature of modern construction projects makes them vulnerable to disturbances, which can cascade through site activities, impacting project performance. This paper addresses the critical challenge of disturbance propagation in SCS by proposing a comprehensive framework to characterize and model disturbances, enabling effective mitigation strategies. The framework systematically examines the dynamics of disturbances, their propagation pathways, and their impact on operational continuity. To validate the framework, a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model is developed in FlexSim and applied to a case study of an SCS. The simulation analyzes various disturbance scenarios, quantifying their effects on key performance metrics such as workflow efficiency and project timelines. The findings highlight the importance of integrating resilience-focused strategies, including resource redundancy and increasing the system capacity, to counteract adverse impacts and maintain site performance. By bridging the gap between disturbance modeling and mitigation, this study offers valuable insights for practitioners and researchers, advancing the resilience and efficiency of construction projects.