This chapter examines the shifting landscape of migration and asylum in Lithuania, highlighting a transition from historically high emigration to a steep rise in immigration, particularly since 2021. It details how geopolitical events, such as the 2020 Belarusian election crisis and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, triggered significant asylum applications, with the 2021 border crisis marking a sharp peak. While overall migrant numbers remain modest, public and political responses have been shaped by disproportionate fears, “phantom Islamophobia,” and hostile media portrayals. Attitudes towards migrants, especially Muslim and non-European groups, have been largely negative, though modest improvements are attributed to increased contact and returning emigrants. The chapter explores Lithuania’s limited integration infrastructure, selective migration policies, and structural barriers such as language access and legal restrictions. It also addresses broader regional disparities within the EU, examining how Lithuania’s peripheral status and fragile post-socialist identity inform exclusionary narratives. Drawing on critical scholarship, it contextualises hostility within a framework of racialised hierarchy, securitisation, and historical trauma. Ultimately, the chapter contends that the so-called migration “crisis” is rooted less in migrant numbers, than in deep-seated structural, cultural, and geopolitical anxieties.