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The world generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is approximately 2.01 billion metric tons per year, averaging 0.74 kg per person daily. Organic content dominates MSW composition, with about 92%, comprising materials such as food waste, plastics, paper, wood, and textiles. Alarmingly, around 33% of MSW worldwide is managed inadequately, lacking suitable and environmentally sound disposal methods. Rapid urbanization, coupled with increased waste generation and limitation of landfill area are some of the key challenges India is facing in management of MSW thus posing risk to public health and environment pollution. Integrating refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from MSW in to cement kiln co-processing is one of the emerging solutions for waste management. This method aligns with the principles of circular economy (CE) as it promotes recovery of energy from waste instead of dependency on fossil fuels. During co-processing, organic waste components are safely combusts due to high temperature thus incorporating non-combustible residues in cement matrix. RDF co-processing in cement kiln promotes less dependency on fossil fuels thus significantly minimizing the CO2 emissions. This approach also addresses the need of sustainability and ecologically responsibility during management of MSW in India. Implementing this strategy requires cohesive policy frameworks, standardized waste segregation, and collaboration among municipalities, regulators, and industry stakeholders to optimize RDF production and distribution channels. This paper tries to explore the potential of MSW-based RDF as an alternative energy resource in cement kiln, evaluating its environmental benefits, technical feasibility, and economical benefits. The organic residues of RDF get combustion in high temperature of cement kilns and non-combustible residues mixes with cement matrix. This process not only minimizes landfill issues, but also reduces greenhouse gas emissions thus preserving natural resources which promote environmental sustainability with comparison to traditional waste disposal. This technology contributes to an integrated, eco-friendly solution for MSW management and fuel sourcing, aligning with goals of CE and advancing sustainable resource utilization in the cement industry.

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Integrating Municipal Solid Wastes as Refuse-Derived Fuels in Cement Co-processing: A Circular Economy Approach for Sustainable Resource Management

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Himansu Sekhar Patra,
  • Aditya Kishore Dash,
  • Kabir Mohan Sethy,
  • Alok Prasad Das

摘要

The world generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is approximately 2.01 billion metric tons per year, averaging 0.74 kg per person daily. Organic content dominates MSW composition, with about 92%, comprising materials such as food waste, plastics, paper, wood, and textiles. Alarmingly, around 33% of MSW worldwide is managed inadequately, lacking suitable and environmentally sound disposal methods. Rapid urbanization, coupled with increased waste generation and limitation of landfill area are some of the key challenges India is facing in management of MSW thus posing risk to public health and environment pollution. Integrating refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from MSW in to cement kiln co-processing is one of the emerging solutions for waste management. This method aligns with the principles of circular economy (CE) as it promotes recovery of energy from waste instead of dependency on fossil fuels. During co-processing, organic waste components are safely combusts due to high temperature thus incorporating non-combustible residues in cement matrix. RDF co-processing in cement kiln promotes less dependency on fossil fuels thus significantly minimizing the CO2 emissions. This approach also addresses the need of sustainability and ecologically responsibility during management of MSW in India. Implementing this strategy requires cohesive policy frameworks, standardized waste segregation, and collaboration among municipalities, regulators, and industry stakeholders to optimize RDF production and distribution channels. This paper tries to explore the potential of MSW-based RDF as an alternative energy resource in cement kiln, evaluating its environmental benefits, technical feasibility, and economical benefits. The organic residues of RDF get combustion in high temperature of cement kilns and non-combustible residues mixes with cement matrix. This process not only minimizes landfill issues, but also reduces greenhouse gas emissions thus preserving natural resources which promote environmental sustainability with comparison to traditional waste disposal. This technology contributes to an integrated, eco-friendly solution for MSW management and fuel sourcing, aligning with goals of CE and advancing sustainable resource utilization in the cement industry.