Textile fibers are the fundamental building blocks of fabrics, and they are formed by six types of polymers, namely polyamide, vinyl, natural (cellulose and proteins), man-made (polyester), and polyolefin. Microfiber waste refers to minute fibers that are shed from processed or man-made (synthetic) materials like nylon, polyester, and acrylic. Such types of fibers are generally found in textiles, clothing, and household items such as carpets, curtains, and cleaning cloths. Synthetic microfibers are man-made, fabricated fibers that are exceptionally lightweight and fine. The diameter of these synthetic microfibers is significantly thinner compared to other naturally occurring fibers. These synthetic microfibers h caliber to show unique properties to create several knitted or woven fabrics and are well-known for their durability, strength, and resistance to shrinking and wrinkling. These fibers are usually densely packed, which means they can trap any sort of dust, dirt, or other particles for a better cleaning process. Apart from the unique features that these synthetic microfibers can offer, there are some disadvantages too that pose global concerns. Synthetic microfibers like nylon and polyester are obtained from several petrochemicals that are nonbiodegradable. They have continued to remain in the environment for years, gathering in oceans and landfills. Approximately, around two-third of the textile items are synthetic nowadays. During the production and processing of such artificial microfibers, various harmful chemicals are induced, including dyes and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), along with other fixing agents. These chemicals can contaminate soil, air, and water, thereby deteriorating the environment. The exceptional accumulation of synthetic fabric contaminants in aquatic environments, and specifically marine environments, is one of the vital causes that is generating tension in global ecosystems. Substantial consumption of synthetic costumes by present-day urban people brings out an expansion in synthetic microfibers (SMFs) within the environment. Washing of such artificially created microfibers leads to an increase of 35% in microfiber pollution. Several scientific studies reveal the hazardous impacts of such contaminants on aquatic life (their food web) and on the health of humans. Therefore, control and management of these fibers are exceedingly important due to their high rate of emissions and their omnipresent occurrence in the living world. The book chapter incorporates various primary sources, transmission routes, and detrimental effects of synthetic microfibers, which have been discussed in detail along with several characteristics. Apart from that, this book chapter deals with how these artificial microfibers will affect the environment and how this problem can be resolved by inculcating a few strategies or methods. The aim is to analyze the causes and identify the possible preventive measures to control microfiber pollution. Moreover, sustainable remediation techniques to mitigate the problem of synthetic microfibers have also been critically evaluated.