A major environmental issue that urban places around the world face is municipal waste pollution, which is made worse by rising spending routines, urbanization, and population expansion. Metals, plastics, organic materials, and hazardous items are all included in municipal solid waste (MSW), and each presents different management difficulties. In densely populated areas, waste accumulation leads to major environmental issues such as soil, water, and air pollution. Around 2.1 billion metric tons of municipal waste are produced worldwide, a significant increase in recent decades. By 2050, that amount is predicted to increase by 70% to 3.8 billion metric tons. China and the United States are the two largest suppliers; Traditional methods of getting rid of waste, such as burning and landfilling, are often insufficient and detrimental to the environment. Therefore, several waste management techniques could be used, including the use of waste-to-energy technology, increasing recycling, embracing the circular economy, and putting producer responsibility laws into place. The sources, kinds, and effects of municipal trash pollution on ecosystems and human health are summarized in this chapter. It looks at sustainable waste management techniques that lessen their influence on the environment and lessen their dependency on landfills, such as trash reduction, recycling, composting, and energy recovery. The chapter also highlights the importance of effective policies, public education, and community involvement in promoting moral behavior. It promotes a circular economy that emphasizes sustainable design, waste minimization, and resource reuse. To address urban waste issues and achieve cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable cities, the chapter ends with suggestions for additional study and international collaboration.