Vitiligo is a multifactorial skin disorder characterized by the progressive loss of melanocytes, leading to depigmented macules and patches throughout the body. With a global prevalence ranging from 0.5% to 2%, the ftdisease shows geographic and ethnic variability and has both genetic and environmental underpinnings. This chapter provides an in-depth overview of vitiligo, covering its history, epidemiology, genetic associations, and underlying pathophysiologic theories, including the autoimmune, oxidative, and neural hypotheses. The classification of vitiligo will be discussed in detail, as well as the prognostic and therapeutic outcomes conferred by each subset of the disease. Diagnostic strategies, ranging from clinical evaluation to histopathology, will be reviewed, and the current treatment modalities will be compared with a focus on the efficacy and limitations of each. Most importantly, the chapter describes the psychological burden the disease incurs on its patients and the significance of individualized, stigma-free care.