Kissing bugs are insects in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Triatominae, which are blood-sucking pests of vertebrate animals, including humans. They are called kissing bugs because often they have been reported biting the faces of humans while sleeping. This chapter explores the biology and disease ecology of kissing bugs. While many species of triatomines are sylvatic and pose little risk of disease transmission to humans, there are at least 16 species in the Western Hemisphere which serve as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas’ disease. Lastly, diagnosis, laboratory findings, treatment and control of Chagas’ disease and its vectors are presented and discussed.