This chapter explores the potential impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) on oral health. Although marketed as safer alternatives to traditional smoking to those seeking smoking cessation, e-cigarettes are not harmless and their long-term effects on users remain under-researched. While vaping lacks some harmful by-products of combustion found in cigarettes, it still exposes the oral cavity to various chemicals such as nicotine, propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin and flavourings. These components may contribute to xerostomia, periodontal disease, and dental caries. Its potential for causing oral and pharyngeal cancer is still being investigated. It may take a decade or so for such evidence to emerge. Moreover, vaping has been associated with changes in the oral microbiome, mirroring effects seen in tobacco smokers. By reviewing clinical and laboratory studies, this chapter highlights the growing evidence suggesting that e-cigarettes may negatively affect periodontal and dental health and be toxic to the oral mucosa. It concludes with recommendations for oral health professionals and policymakers to address the emerging risks of e-cigarette use, urging further research and raising awareness on the dangers of smoking e-cigarettes, particularly among younger individuals.