This chapter seeks to first establish a solid foundation of knowledge surrounding the most frequent and highest yield diagnostic tests, including both laboratory and neuroimaging workups. Using this foundation, a structured approach to assessing medical status will be reviewed as an integrative strategy for the inpatient neuropsychologist. Finally, the neurocognitive considerations of commonly prescribed medications will be explored through examples of evidence-based research. Through the clinical neurocognitive application of this integrated foundation, the consultative neuropsychologist demonstrates skills necessary to overcome one of the most common obstacles faced in the acute care and rehabilitative settings through enhancement of their role in the interdisciplinary team.