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Since the launch of satellites into space in the 1970s, the usage of their data has expanded across various applications, from communication (telecommunication and broadcasting) and navigation (e.g., the Global Positioning System-GPS) to precision agriculture and environmental monitoring. Advances in sensors, instruments, and platforms—including drones—have equipped researchers with new measurements of the physical properties of elements on Earth (e.g., vegetation, soil, and water) leading to improved environmental assessment and monitoring across scales. Earth Observation includes remote sensing technologies, which play a vital role in monitoring vegetation—providing information on vegetation extent, deforestation, phenological stages, crop growth, above-ground biomass, and changes in land use/land cover over time (temporal series) and across different spatial scales (larger or smaller areas). Satellite remote sensing technologies can be further classified into optical/non-optical as well as active and passive systems. Optical, passive remote sensing of vegetation relies on the interaction between plant pigments/cell structure and incident radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum, particularly in the red and near-infrared spectrum. In green vegetation, remote sensing techniques leverage the process whereby chlorophyll absorbs incident energy while cell structure strongly scatters near-infrared radiation to prevent cell damage. Non-optical, active, microwave remote sensing systems transmit radiation from the satellite onto the ground target, in this case biomass such as crops, which will then reflect the radiation as backscatter to the satellite. This reflected backscatter signal is affected by the physical properties, water content and electric potential energy stored in plants (including grass) and tress. Considering that biomass can serve as a proxy for biodiversity, this chapter presents examples of estimating above-ground biomass using remote sensing data and techniques in two contrasting landscapes: forested and managed landscapes.

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The Use of Remote Sensing Data for Above-Ground Biomass Estimation

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Sandra Cristina Deodoro,
  • Rowan Fealy,
  • Tim McCarthy

摘要

Since the launch of satellites into space in the 1970s, the usage of their data has expanded across various applications, from communication (telecommunication and broadcasting) and navigation (e.g., the Global Positioning System-GPS) to precision agriculture and environmental monitoring. Advances in sensors, instruments, and platforms—including drones—have equipped researchers with new measurements of the physical properties of elements on Earth (e.g., vegetation, soil, and water) leading to improved environmental assessment and monitoring across scales. Earth Observation includes remote sensing technologies, which play a vital role in monitoring vegetation—providing information on vegetation extent, deforestation, phenological stages, crop growth, above-ground biomass, and changes in land use/land cover over time (temporal series) and across different spatial scales (larger or smaller areas). Satellite remote sensing technologies can be further classified into optical/non-optical as well as active and passive systems. Optical, passive remote sensing of vegetation relies on the interaction between plant pigments/cell structure and incident radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum, particularly in the red and near-infrared spectrum. In green vegetation, remote sensing techniques leverage the process whereby chlorophyll absorbs incident energy while cell structure strongly scatters near-infrared radiation to prevent cell damage. Non-optical, active, microwave remote sensing systems transmit radiation from the satellite onto the ground target, in this case biomass such as crops, which will then reflect the radiation as backscatter to the satellite. This reflected backscatter signal is affected by the physical properties, water content and electric potential energy stored in plants (including grass) and tress. Considering that biomass can serve as a proxy for biodiversity, this chapter presents examples of estimating above-ground biomass using remote sensing data and techniques in two contrasting landscapes: forested and managed landscapes.