In this study, we evaluated the possible influence of evolutionary and ecological processes on the fundamental frequency of Neotropical passerine bird songs. We selected 27 species from three families, distributed across three distinct guilds. Their song files in WAV format downloaded from WikiAves were compared with available audio from the Macaulay Library, from the Ornithology laboratory at Cornell University, to double-check species. We then obtained sonograms for each song file and computed different variables related to the duration and the musical pitch of the bird songs (fundamental frequency, minimum and maximum frequencies at the start and end of each song snippet). We fitted gamma generalized linear models to the fundamental frequency data, incorporating covariates in both the mean and dispersion parameters (i.e., guild, family, and the interaction between them) to perform tests to assess the significance of the model effects. We also fitted multivariate covariance generalized linear models to the duration and frequency-related variables. We found no significant effect of guild and family or their interaction in the mean fundamental frequency. However, there was a significant effect of the interaction between guild and family in the dispersion. For the multivariate analyses, there were significant global effects of guild, family and their interaction for both the mean and dispersion. Although limited in number of species and families, the present study corroborates the hypothesis that phylogeny limits the scope of bird songs in terms of musical pitch. The present results are potentially relevant, since they stress the importance of behavioral-ecological processes that occur at the individual level on the adaptive pressures concerning song skills in passerine birds.