The Philippines is a developing country with environmental water pollution as one of its most pressing concerns, especially fecal pollution. Since the environmental microbiological water quality criteria (WQC) implemented in the country, especially the one associated with fecal contaminants, are relatively in their nascent stages compared to developed countries, they are often falling behind in terms of the scientific knowledge used to signify fecal pollution. For instance, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were not included in the first Philippine WQC established in 1978, while other countries have already been using it as early as the late twentieth century. Furthermore, while the state now employs “fecal coliforms” as its primary indicator, no epidemiological, environmental, or similar studies have justified the basis of the numerical limits. Moreover, emerging research and global standards suggest the incorporation of alternative FIB such as E. coli, enterococci, and the Bacteroides group. Given the ever-increasing importance of protecting the quality of water resources, amidst key issues such as climate change and the rapidly rising population in developing countries, updating WQC is of critical significance for not only public health but also environmental conservation. This chapter will discuss (1) the historical development of the Philippines’ environmental microbiological WQC, (2) the evaluation of the Philippines’ current WQC against emerging international standards, and (3) recommendations that will align with global best practices by reviewing historical and existing policy documents alongside an appraisal of a sample of publications and studies related to the usage of FIB in the Philippine setting in the past two decades.