The objective of this study is to compare the efficiency of Colombia and Mexico in investment in Research and Development, Public Spending on Education, and access to tertiary education with respect to the generation of tangible knowledge assets such as patent registration and publication of scientific articles. This study aims to verify whether the relationship between these elements is proportional or whether there is actually a difference due to the efficiency of resource utilization. Using a quantitative approach and statistical tools in R Studio, the factors influencing knowledge productivity in both countries are analyzed. To do so, a radial, output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is applied under the assumption of constant returns to scale. The results show differences in efficiency, given the allocation of resources and their impact on educational and scientific performance. Finally, the study discusses the implications for public policymaking and the main factors that can lead to these impacts.