Graphene, a monolayer of carbon atoms structured in a two-dimensional lattice, possesses exceptional characteristics that render it a central focus for diverse applications across several disciplines. The remarkable strength, flexibility, conductivity, and transparency of graphene establish it as a revolutionary substance in the fields of technology and research. This material’s biocompatibility makes it suitable for use in medication delivery and biosensor applications. Because of its distinctive characteristics and wide range of uses, graphene is critical to the advancement of sustainable engineering. Graphene significantly improves the efficiency of water purification processes by effectively eliminating contaminants through adsorption and photocatalysis. The nanopore structures enhance the penetration capabilities, rendering it well-suited for the elimination of heavy metals and organic compounds. In the field of renewable energy, graphene improves the efficiency of supercapacitors and solar cells, allowing for more effective energy conversion and storage. The use of graphene-reinforced composites in automobile components results in substantial weight reduction and improved mechanical properties. Despite the considerable advantages of graphene, obstacles such as toxicity, industrial scalability, and cost persist, necessitating further study to optimize its potential in sustainable engineering. In this chapter, we discussed the structure and properties of graphene, like mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. We also briefly discuss various graphene synthesis methods. The main focus of this chapter is its application in various domains, including environmental applications, energy storage, electronics applications, biomedical applications, construction, and materials engineering. Despite these advantages, graphene has some limitations, which we also discuss with future perspective.