Gender competence is imperative for the provision of adequate, individualized treatment. It is therefore vital that healthcare professionals are aware of the various aspects of gender competence in order to provide optimal care to their patients. The chapter introduces key terms and definitions, describes the importance of gender competence in clinical care with a focus on radiology, and provides recommendations for achieving gender competence. In doing so, the chapter contributes to the wider effort to align clinical medicine more closely with the principles of diversity, equity, and inclusion, thereby enhancing the quality of care for all patients.