This paper examines the intricate relationship between socio-economic determinants and the mental health of urban population based on gender roles. Due to rapid urbanization opportunities, there has been also a rise in the challenges faced by both men and women. Thus, understanding the influence of various economic factors such as income, education, employment, and housing on mental well-being is crucial and especially for women who constitute a significant segment of the total workforce. They are often the victims of discrimination and deprivation in terms of cerebral opportunities (decision-making) as compared to their male counterparts. The study focuses on diverse urban communities from various socio-economic backgrounds in order to ensure a representative sample. Targeted demographics include high- and low-income groups, low-income neighborhoods, and middle-income areas as well as marginal communities. A well-framed structured questionnaire was used to gather data on various socio-economic variables, for example, education, income, employment status, as well as mental health indicators such as symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress. Our findings reveal that gender and low socio-economic status are strongly correlated with higher rates of mental health issues, exacerbated by factors such as social isolation (or exclusion) and limited access to healthcare and job opportunities. The paper concludes with policy recommendations aimed at addressing these disparities, promoting mental health equity among men and women, and fostering resilience within urban settings. This research points toward the need for specific required interventions within the unique socio-economic landscapes of cities to improve mental health outcomes for all residents irrespective of gender.