This chapter explores the critical role of metabolic dysregulation in the emergence of neuropsychiatric disorders, emphasizing the complex interplay between molecular, cellular, and brain-wide processes. Key metabolic control circuits are examined, including mTOR-AMPK signaling, glucose-insulin regulation, and mitochondrial function, as well as their impact on neural dynamics. Also highlighted are how emergent phenomena (e.g., criticality, metastability, and traveling waves) arise from interactions between microscopic components, providing insights into brain function and dysfunction. Discussion focuses on how combining mathematical modeling with measurements of these emergent properties can reveal mechanistic information about underlying metabolic processes. Finally, a systematic pipeline is proposed to disentangle the driving mechanisms behind these emergent processes, aiming to use data for the development of more precise and personalized interventions for neuropsychiatric disorders.