The academic analysis of modern agricultural cooperatives in Spain has presented them as an instrument that facilitates and improves the producer’s articulation with the market. This chapter questions this assertion based on an ethnographically analysed case: the tree fruit production area in the province of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain). This is an area where most of the farmers are organised through service and commercialisation cooperatives. The research concludes that these cooperatives have little capacity to negotiate prices or conditions. This is because they depend on large distributors to bring their members’ produce to market. In fact, cooperatives have become an instrument of control of farmers in favour of the interests of export companies and supermarkets. The ethnographic information was obtained between 2016 and 2024.