Probably, future generations will regard the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) as a revolution in human history. This remarkable observation gets even more dramatic in face of AI’s fast progress. While human capabilities and intelligence develop only slowly over time the capabilities of their “competitors,” the AI systems, grow fast. This imbalance leads to the widespread concern that humans perhaps don’t have a future because AI will pass by in every respect. In this contemporary situation it is necessary to carefully observe and rationally reflect what’s going on, to demystify the AI development but also, and even more important, to consider strategies for responsible AI governance. The challenge is about exploring pathways to making use of the fascinating new properties of AI while preventing or, at least, minimizing adverse effects. This chapter focuses on the ethical considerations surrounding AI's impact on humans and society. It presents an anthropological framework for assessing AI systems developed by the German Ethics Council which covers the understanding of basic notions like intelligence, action, autonomy, responsibility, and essentials of human–machine interactions. The chapter then extends this approach to the issues of enhancing accessibility, sustainability, and fairness across different regions, including the Global South. These topics will lead to examining how AI can be governed to avoid exacerbating inequalities and to ensure that, instead, its benefits can be distributed equitably.