Mapping the conceptualization and implementation of a global AI governance framework underscores the need for a robust framework to harness AI's benefits through multifaceted cooperation. AI opportunities and challenges can be categorized into technical, societal, and environmental domains. Proposing a governance framework based on multilevel, multilateral, and multi-stakeholder approaches emphasizes the importance of transnational cooperation and an inclusive approach to AI governance that respects the rule of law and protects human rights. A proposed foundation addresses AI's role in achieving human security through international development and offers recommendations for an effective global AI governance framework.