Youth mentoring is recognized in South Korea as a promising strategy to promote positive outcomes for at-risk youth living in low-income families and under-resourced communities. This chapter summarizes the features and outcomes of the 5 predominant types of formal youth mentoring implemented in South Korea. These mentoring programs date back to initiatives in the late 1990s that provided academic tutoring and care services to adolescents from families disrupted by the national economic crisis. Today, mentoring programs are offered to a wide range of youth groups with diverse problems such as school bullying, delinquency, and cultural adaptation. After summarizing characteristics of mentoring programs that reflect these types as well as associated research findings, we discuss the challenges faced by youth mentoring today, and possible future directions to overcome those challenges. The first and largest of these challenges is to expand academic-focused mentoring efforts to include relationship-focused mentoring activities that are intended to support adolescents as they navigate social and emotional difficulties. Given the intensity of training and supervision, and the full-time commitment needed to address the multiple needs of youth, we conclude that the adoption of professional youth mentoring into Korean society is a promising strategy to address the diverse range of problems facing youth in at-risk situations.