A Domain-Inspired, Semi-supervised nnU-Net Is All You Need for Primary Breast Cancer Segmentation
摘要
An important task in breast cancer detection and prognostication entails the precise delineation of the primary tumor, enabling insight in tumor size, shape characteristics and cancer progression in follow-up studies. However, manual segmentation is labor-intensive and subject to inter-observer variability, motivating the need for accurate automated methods. In light of the ongoing MAMA-MIA challenge, we propose a task-specific and data-centric adaptation of the nnU-Net framework that takes inspiration from the radiologist’s workflow for this task. We demonstrate that subtle architectural changes, such as increasing patch size and using multi-channel input, significantly improve performance over a vanilla nnU-Net. Quantitatively, our domain-inspired nnU-Net outperforms a baseline nnU-Net by 3% points in an internal validation setting and 5% points in an external validation setting with additional post-processing methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that incorporating additional annotated and unannotated data in a semi-supervised manner boosts generalization to unseen domains. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that, despite being a strong general-purpose baseline, a vanilla nnU-Net may still yield a significant performance increase by incorporating domain-specific knowledge. More broadly, this finding corroborates previous research highlighting the need for rigorous validation in medical image segmentation, since common baseline methods may benefit greatly from task-specific adaptation.