The Global Report on Human Settlements (1996) emphases that finance is the most critical factor which affects housing production. It cuts across the housing production process, i.e. from the time a piece of land is acquired to the time individual housing units are sold. It is also a key factor in the refurbishment of old housing stock. Unfortunately, evidence from around the world shows that financial institutions are more willing to give housing loans to high and middle income than to the low-income groups. The argument behind such a scenario is that low-income households have limited capacity to service their loans. In fact, they are viewed as a liability and financial institutions do not want to risk their resources. This chapter revisits the issue of housing finance by analysing it through the window of low-income housing that emerged in post-2000 in Harare, Zimbabwe. At the height of the fast-track land reform programme, the urban poor managed to access large swaths of land for housing purposes. This was free land on which they embarked on housing production through housing cooperative systems. Emerging evidence shows that while land was easily accessible, funding for all professional services proved to be a nightmare. As a package of services, urban housing is tied to huge capital outlay to finance professional services such as land survey, town planning, engineering and architectural services. While the government was nowhere to offer such financial support, private financial institutions were not ready to release funds for housing development whose land was contested by commercial farmers and driven by political whims. Hence, the urban poor were forced to dig deep into their coffers in search of alternative funding means which came through their meagre savings. Hence, the progress and quality of housing that emerged during this period shows how attrition between formal and informal housing finance mechanisms can either stall or enhance housing production.

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

The Search for Housing Finance in Post-2000 Contested Housing Schemes in Harare, Zimbabwe

  • Lovemore Chipungu,
  • Hangwelani Hope Magidimisha-Chipungu

摘要

The Global Report on Human Settlements (1996) emphases that finance is the most critical factor which affects housing production. It cuts across the housing production process, i.e. from the time a piece of land is acquired to the time individual housing units are sold. It is also a key factor in the refurbishment of old housing stock. Unfortunately, evidence from around the world shows that financial institutions are more willing to give housing loans to high and middle income than to the low-income groups. The argument behind such a scenario is that low-income households have limited capacity to service their loans. In fact, they are viewed as a liability and financial institutions do not want to risk their resources. This chapter revisits the issue of housing finance by analysing it through the window of low-income housing that emerged in post-2000 in Harare, Zimbabwe. At the height of the fast-track land reform programme, the urban poor managed to access large swaths of land for housing purposes. This was free land on which they embarked on housing production through housing cooperative systems. Emerging evidence shows that while land was easily accessible, funding for all professional services proved to be a nightmare. As a package of services, urban housing is tied to huge capital outlay to finance professional services such as land survey, town planning, engineering and architectural services. While the government was nowhere to offer such financial support, private financial institutions were not ready to release funds for housing development whose land was contested by commercial farmers and driven by political whims. Hence, the urban poor were forced to dig deep into their coffers in search of alternative funding means which came through their meagre savings. Hence, the progress and quality of housing that emerged during this period shows how attrition between formal and informal housing finance mechanisms can either stall or enhance housing production.