Despite dozens of postcranial fossils that could potentially represent the genus, little is known about the postcranial skeletonSkeletonpostcrania of Paranthropus. Taxonomic identification of isolated hominin postcranial fossils from the early Pleistocene is complicated by hominin species diversity and a scarcity of taxonomically unambiguous partial skeletons for reference. A combination of additional factors (i.e., false assumptions, contradictory conclusions, historical inertia) has produced a confusing postcranial puzzle that confounds our understanding of Paranthropus evolution and behavior. To begin solving this puzzle, the few available taxonomically secure skeletons of Paranthropus and early Homo must serve as the primary foundation for making taxonomic decisions. This paper provides a survey of probable postcraniaPostcrania for P. robustus and P. boisei based on explicit criteria associated with four taxonomic confidence levels. We provide our recommended postcranial hypodigmHypodigm for each species, make interspecific comparisons of postcranial morphologyMorphology, and discuss the implications for limb function and body massBody mass/Body size.