In this chapter we use micromammalian datasets to investigate the environmental context of Paranthropus with a focus on southern African fossil sites. Habitat indicesHabitat index, ordination plotsOrdination plot, and other methods were used to compare the microfauna from Paranthropus and Australopithecus-bearing deposits from southern African sites and three hominin-bearing sites in eastern AfricaEastern Africa. In southern AfricaSouth(ern) Africa, while the Australopithecus site MakapansgatMakapansgat Member 3 was probably more wooded than most or all Paranthropus deposits, SterkfonteinSterkfontein Member 4 was not. In general, the range of habitats indicated by Paranthropus-associated micromammalsMicromammal was unexpectedly wide, making it difficult to generalize about the habitat proclivities of these taxa and providing support for the hypothesis that Paranthropus occurred in multiple habitat types.