While the goal of European Christianity was to evangelize the world, in the era when European powers sought to colonize the world, two seemingly unrelated goals got entangled and produced a devastatingly efficient racist colonial system that gave total control of world affairs to European powers. Teaching and preaching as the main vehicles for evangelization proved less successful in achieving the aspirations of European Christian missionaries. In response to this relative failure, schools, dispensaries, clinics, and hospitals were identified as appropriate vehicles to carry the gospel. Christian medical missions were one of the many vehicles that European Christianity used in their quest to win souls to Christ. Assessed with the benefit of hindsight, this chapter argues that Christian medical missions had a paradoxical contribution in Africa, on the one hand sustaining colonization and on the other hand inspiring and sustaining decolonization. Finally, drawing upon archival materials, Christian mission hospitals and health professionals can contribute to the decolonization of health services by embracing the fact that European health epistemology is one among many.