Religion and religious beliefs, as well as practices, are part and parcel of people’s culture. Subsequently, they influence the ways in which communities relate to their daily practices and observances. This chapter explores the ways in which religious beliefs and practices, which are embedded in African cultural traditions, influence decisions of adolescent mothers and the care givers, for their children aged five and below. The chapter argues that the closest surrounding environment, a microsystem encompassing the community’s and individual’s traditional beliefs and practices including religion, impacts the overall growth and health of a child in many ways. The chapter shows that the traditional belief system is still in use. The existence of this system may contradict what the mainstream health care advocates in relation to better feeding, playing habits, and health services-seeking behaviors. The chapter recommends encouraging healthy traditional teachings that contribute to better health for children while raising awareness against retrogressive cultures and religious teachings that contribute to ill-health. Further, the chapter recommends an integration of formal and informal approaches to health care for adolescent mothers and caregivers of children aged five and below, given the diverse needs of the mothers that may not provide a conducive environment for them to conform to the requirements of childcare.