Microalgae have great potential for various industries, including food, cosmetics, textiles, energy, biomedicine, due to their metabolites. As one of the valuable products, microalgae pigments have attracted attention for their bioactivity as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and anti-aging activities. To meet the demand for microalgae pigments for the industry, production on a commercial scale and high productivity are required. From laboratory to commercial scale, many open and closed photobioreactor systems are used as photoautotrophically and even heterotrophically. Open ponds, bubble column, airlift, flat-panel, tubular photobioreactors are designed according to the production scale for both laboratory and large-scale, considering key design parameters. Photobioreactors allow for control of key growth conditions such as temperature, lighting, media, agitation and aeration to increase pigment yield. Also, downstream processes involving harvesting, drying, cell disruption, extraction and purification of pigments are the other major process steps that affect pigment productivity and production costs. Optimization of downstream processes is essential to improve pigment productivity with increasing purity and cost efficiency. Conversely, high energy demand and costs limit the ecological and economic sustainability of microalgae pigments. Therefore, many studies focus on the advanced technologies such as supercritical extraction, microwave extraction, using deep eutectic solvents as green solvents. To increase the commercialization potential of microalgae pigments, the whole process should be considered holistically, including productivity, purity, economic and environmental aspects. This chapter aims to summarize current scale-up strategies for microalgae pigment production, focusing on both upstream and downstream processes, with the goal of enhancing their commercialization potential for industrial applications.