Adolescent dysmenorrhea is defined as a severe, painful, cramping sensation in the lower abdomen that occurs before or during the first days of menstruation. It is the most common menstrual complaint, with a prevalence ranging from 16% to 91% of adolescent girls. Several risk factors have been identified such as increased body mass and abdominal adiposity, early menarche, stress and anxiety, and lower social support. Clinical diagnosis should be based on a clinical scale that scores all symptoms from 0 to 3 in terms of intensity. The pathophysiology of dysmenorrhea is complex and is considered to be the result of uterine hypercontractility, related to higher production of prostaglandin PGF2α, a central sensitization, and some gene polymorphisms. Many adolescents do not seek for treatment or are undertreated. Management of adolescent dysmenorrhea is based on pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most common treatments, while the oral contraceptive pill is considered a good treatment in adolescents who need contraception. The majority of adolescents use non-pharmacological methods such as Chinese medicines, acupuncture, physical exercise, diet, … In conclusion, dysmenorrhea has long been considered a minor problem of adolescence, even if it significantly impacts the quality of life and may cause great loss in personal health and recurrent school absenteeism.